The primary method of handling and disposal of septic water in rural areas where sewage treatment systems are not available or too costly to install is also known as on-site disposal systems or individual sewage disposal systems. Septic systems are built to partly treat the soil in such a way such that the waste stays in the soil and is further treated by soil organisms so as not to enter the ground or waterways of pollutants. Typically, a septic system consists of a septic tank and a leaching device.
The septic tank
The tank normally measures 1000-2000 gallons and is designed to catch solids and grease and to original, primary sewage treatment. Septic tank treatment is anaerobic (without oxygen) and produces a relatively raw waste which is still high in bacteria and pathogens, solids and organic substances, ammonia and organic nitrogen. The water then normally flows by gravity into the leaching unit in which the water is swamped into the soil. Good treatment is primarily a bio-process and occurs in the highest soil layers, which are highly aerobic in soil organisms (bugs) with a lot of oxygen.
Leaching devices
It consist typically of a tube placed at the top of one or more gravel pits (leach fields). The sides and bottoms of the trench underneath the perforated pipe are used to absorb the effluent into the ground. The total quantity of trench and absorption area needed is determined by the expected flow of waste into the system and water absorption capacity of the soil. Sandy soil requires less area than a clay soil for absorption. The depth of the trench below the distribution pipe is the effective depth. The trench is normally 1-2 feet deeper than its effective depth as the pipe is filled with soil and generally positioned 1-2 feet under its surface.
Pump tanks
In addition to a septic tank, certain systems have a pump tank. A sewage effluent pump, control floats, and a high water alarm are included in that pump tank. The control floats are set so that the drain field is sent a specific volume of effluent. This specific dosage is called dosage. The pump is triggered and pumps out the waste stream before the “off” float hit the effluent in a pump tank. If the float “on” or pump malfunction, an alarm is triggered as soon as the warning float reaches. If this alert has been triggered, some immediate storage space in the pump tank is available before the system overflowing or returning. Householders should know the location of the alarm system (see details of your as-built information). The warning device is usually installed underneath the sink or in the garage and can be disabled. However, this does not fix the issue, and homeowners should take urgent water management steps immediately and call an on-site maintenance system.
This is how a conventional septic system functions:
- All water flows out of your house from the main drainage pipe to a septic tank.
- The septic tank is a container underground, watertight, typically of cement, fiberglass or polyethylene. They have to hold the wastewater long enough to make sure that the solids will fall into the lower sludge, while the oils and greases float up like dung.
- Sludge and scum can’t exit the tank or enter the drain field zone through a Compartment and a T-shape outlet.
- The wastewater (effluent) then leaves the tank in the drain.
- The drying field is an unsaturated, shallow, exposed excavation. Pretreated wastewaters are released onto porous surfaces utilizing piping which enables the soil to filter wastewater. The soil takes wastewater, processes it and discharges it in the field and eventually discharges it into groundwater.
- If there is too much fluid on the drain field, it can flood, leading to sewage flooding onto the ground or creating protections in toilets and sinks.
Eventually, the wastewater percolates into the soil and eliminates harmful bacteria, viruses and nutrients naturally. Coliform bacteria are a group of bacteria that mainly inhabit human or other hot-blooded animals in the intestines. It suggests the pollution of human fecal